AIIB Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

AIIB Assignment - Coursework Example us counsel alright then understanding alright If ready to begin work, doing the things in the activity seeker’s understanding and searching for work at that point meeting Job Center Plus profession consultant alright If going to a restart course or going to prospective employee meet-ups then searching for work alright. Here beneath is And/Or to speak to the thinking the framework may experience so as to show up at a choice about the client's qualification to the advantage Abstract The general public in addition to the business everywhere are getting information situated and they do depend upon the choice made by various specialists. Presentation of an information based framework presents us with a specialist on request accessible whenever and in wherever and can process data inside the most limited time conceivable. (Tuthhill, S and Levy, 1991)The advance to present such a framework significantly advances consistency and gives the proposed usershighnction at a moderately more elevated level. The information based methodology thinks about the changed strategies and philosophies for re-use and catch of procedure and item building information. This procedure is planned to lessen the expense in addition to time taken during programming creation, which is in genuine sense achieved through the mechanization of each monotonous structure movement while we catch, hold and re-use structure information. This paper looks at the methodology of choosing an appropriate plan approach for a model of a framework that will mechanize the procedures engaged with checking and approving the qualification of the people qualifies for work searchers remittance. It legitimizes the requirement for utilizing an information based methodology during the product improvement process, gets to the potential points of interest related with this given plan decision and gives proposal on the additional means to be adopted during the strategy to guarantee that it remains monetarily attainable . Presentation Expert frameworks are the framework types planned to tackle genuine issues that would as a rule require some particular human exertion like a land advisor or a specialist. Before building a specialist framework, there is a need that the significant information be removed from the given human master. Such information depends on significant general guidelines as opposed to the outright vulnerabilities. An information engineer has the obligation of removing such sort of information at that point utilizing the equivalent to construct an information base. The structure of a specialist framework has lower odds of being fruitful when performed just because for the explanation that the master thinks that its hard communicating with exactness what rules and information they use in taking care of an issue. (Advantages and Risks of Knowledge Based Systems, 2004)The information based plan approach never follows the ordinary strategy due to the multifaceted nature of the human inf ormation. Information elicitation has been rarely simple and goes to be additionally testing in the event that the activity involves a few vulnerabilities. This strategy involves a comprehension of master framework structure in addition to the brain research related with information gathering. The aptitudes included incorporate leading meetings with the specialists and gathering the segments of a

Commercialism in Schools Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Corporate greed in Schools - Research Paper Example expansion, it is just normal to need to have more and if schools could pick up by creating associations with trade, they needed to attempt to get the additional items to offer more to the school and understudies. Along these lines, the patterns for corporate greed in schools kept on introducing an expansion, regardless of much discussion and analysis. State lawmaking bodies and school administrators did in the long run present a few guidelines intended to guarantee that business associations in which schools drew in stayed inside moral cutoff points to guarantee that no damage to understudies followed. Notwithstanding, corporate greed in schools is available to innovativeness and some even venture to such an extreme as to suggest business associations for schools. This paper presents a conversation about the corporate greed in schools wonder and presumes that it is workable for schools to go into solid organizations with trade that advantage everybody. Corporate greed in instructive organizations isn't something that is new and it had been regularly found and routinely acknowledged in schools in the United States of America from times preceding the mid 1990s (Washington Office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1991). The recently refered to report recommends that state governing bodies inside the United States of America had been worried about the marvel since the mid 1990s and attempted to inspect the effect of corporate greed in schools on understudies and their instruction. Be that as it may, as indicated by (Molnar, 2006), the corporate greed marvel in schools in the United States of America, Canada and in different pieces of the world had taken a forceful turn from that point forward, before declining fairly towards the year's end 2006. Scientists recommended that an interminable lack of assets for schools was the explanation behind corporate greed in schools. Larson (2002) proposes that in spite of the worrie s communicated by the state councils in the United States of America, organizations had been progressively making advances into the homerooms of the underfunded schools in the nation.

SARS Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SARS Disease - Essay Example During that period, he accidentally contaminated others that thus caused a progression of SARS flare-ups in Toronto, Canada and different zones the world over. The transmission of the malady has been brisk inferable from the little resistance of individuals to the recently developed crown infection. In addition, it supposedly is generally productive in a social insurance setting, influencing the medicinal services laborers, patients and relatives of contaminated people. The high disease rates among the human services laborers have represented need or inability to consent to the Infection Control (IC) measures prompting huge scope episodes (Shaw, 2006). The worldwide spread of this plague has likewise shown the test of engaging irresistible infections in a globalized world. The powers of globalization-remembering quick development for worldwide exchange and travel have intensified their spread and effect ((Hoffmann, 2003) The abrupt rise and the quick worldwide boundless of this new irresistible malady, which challenges customary treatments, represents an incredible danger to the general wellbeing and underscores an earnest need to create powerful methodologies to forestall, screen and contain the illness flare-up. In view of the Koch's hypothesizes, SARS-Co V, the causative operator of SARS illness, was resolved to be a novel individual from the request Nidovirales, family Coronaviridae, and class Coronavirus. It is a huge, encompassed positive sense-single abandoned RNA infection highlighting a huge genome of 29.7 Kb (Youjun, 2007). Likewise with different coronaviruses, SARS-Co V can be recognized on electron microscopy by the nearness of a crown of enormous, particular spikes in the envelope (Thomas, 2003). Genomic comments have uncovered that it comprises of around 14 useful open understanding casings (ORFs). They encode for three classes of proteins: I) Two enormous polyproteins (pp1a and pp1ab), which are separated into 16 non-auxiliary proteins, fundamental for viral RNA combination, II) Four basic proteins-surface (S), envelope (E), grid (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, imperative for viral gathering, and III) Eight frill proteins, which present a specific bit of leeway in a tainted host cell. The underlying authoritative of the viral envelope and the host cell film is interceded by surface protein (S) (Satija, 2007). With just 50-60 % nucleotide grouping character of the SARS-Co V with other known coronaviruses, it is a formerly obscure Coronavirus, likely from a non-human host that by one way or another gained the capacity to taint people. Different examinations have demonstrated that SARS-Co V overflowed from an untamed life supply (most likely bats) to human populace by mean s of a middle of the road have and that quick infection advancement assumed a key job in the adjustment of the infection to non-repository species (Thomas, 2003). Most of diseases happened in close contacts of patients demonstrating that the transmission of the infection was by beads or by immediate and backhanded contact. Epidemiological investigations have indicated that SARS is respectably instead of exceptionally transmissible. Be that as it may, in certain occasions, the alleged excessively spreader patients transmitted the infection to countless people. The episode of the irresistible infection has been essentially credited to these super spreaders and nosocomial intensification. The run of the mill hatching period for the infection ran from four to six days and the

Woody allen's films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Woody allen's movies - Essay Example aracters’ issues too effectively and consequently, his diversion fills a hindering need in depleting ceaselessly the potential worth that his movies could speak to. This is against the perspective on Nangy Pogel who warmly alludes to Allen as the â€Å"little man† and sees his diversion as a cartoonic portrayal of the Director. Girgus sees a progressively genuine reason behind Allen’s view and is of the view that it serves to extend the complexity of the story as opposed to take away from it. In his analysis of Allen’s films, Carney along these lines varies from these other two creators in that he sees the cleverness in Allen’s films as a component that reduces the genuine worth that his movies could have. Carney is condemning of Woody Allen’s utilization of cleverness with regards to the genuine issues that the characters in his movies may confront. He focuses to the case of Hannah’s sedate issue in the film Hannah and her sisters. Holly has a significant issue of chronic drug use, yet it is never introduced as such in the film, despite the fact that the issue is referenced in pretty much every scene in which the character of Hannah shows up. Her jumbled state and her requests for cash while in a medication instigated state are introduced in a charming as opposed to a startling way. She is straightforwardly demonstrated consuming medications in just a single scene, when she goes out on the town with Mickey (played by Allen). However the scene that follows after she consumes medications is brimming with errors and jokes and it winds up with Hannah being relieved of her medication issue. This is another perspective that Carney is condemning of †the way where major issues are frequently uncovered distinctly toward the end and afterward inexplicably restored using humor. In the film Annie Hall, when Annie is nearly being incited to attempt tranquilizes, the character of Alvy attempts the medication and wheezes the powder everywhere throughout the room, in this manner dispersing the startling second when Annie could have slipped into that hazardous state in a puff of powder humor, and the difficult finishes in that spot and the time bomb is

Cognitive Design Essay

A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khalid Hosseini is seen through the eyes of two youthful female heroes, who have a solid and very much created character. In the novel, the creator shows their hardship, their lives in a sad society, Afghanistan, and how for an amazing duration they face mercilessness and weakness. The creator depicts the encounters of the two Afghan ladies, Mariam and Laila, who live in a general public where ladies are abused. Mariam’s character is depicted as a peaceful and astute young lady who addresses the general public and dreams of an extravagant life. She encounters physical and mental maltreatment from pretty much every individual in her life and is raised in a disconnected domain by a severe mother who puts her down. For example, in the start of the novel Nana, Mariam’s mother, says: â€Å"You are a cumbersome little harami† (Hosseini, 4). This very word â€Å"harami† encourages the peruser to break down the battles of an ill-conceived kid. Nana additionally gets ready Mariam to anticipate nothing from men: â€Å"Like a compass needle that consistently point north, a man’s blaming finger consistently finds a lady. Continuously †¦. Mariam† (Hosseini, 7). This is additionally used to portend Mariam’s spouse, Rashee d, a barbarous, harsh and hot tempered man, who truly and loudly manhandles Mariam after marriage. Despite the fact that Laila was likewise raised in a similar society as Mariam, her character is more grounded when contrasted with Mariam’s. She wants to utilize her insight and instruction to improve the general public and as her dad, advises her: â€Å"Marriage can pause, training cannot†¦ You can be anything you want†¦ Because a general public has no difference in progress if its ladies are uneducated†¦ No chance† (Hosseini, 114). The characters character advances after some time, and this assists with breaking down the sad subjects of the novel which are persecution, trust, and inside quality of ladies. The capacity for any person to envision to persevere through the torment and forfeits that Mariam and Laila suffered are overpowering. However the authors’ depiction of the characters makes it simple to dissect them to an extraordinary profundity.

Exegesis and Actualization on the Gospel of Mark Chapter 1 verses 1-8 Essay

Analysis and Actualization on the Gospel of Mark Chapter 1 refrains 1-8 - Essay Example n significance of Mark 1:1-8 is engaging the congruity of God’s work from the Old Testament to accumulate the genuine individuals of God not by strict ceremonies yet by close to home apology and confidence in Jesus Christ. The mass of zealous researchers concur about the need of Mark’s Gospel among different accounts. Morna Hooker expressed that, â€Å"The connection between the three accounts is so close as to propose that two of the evangelists more likely than not replicated this equal material.†1 all things considered Mark has material that Matthew and Luke have duplicated. Decisively, the book was written in Rome. In view of the records of Clement of Alexandria, Mark composed the gospel in Rome and moreover avowed by Irenaeus.†2 most of the old and contemporary researchers accepted that Mark was composed at some point before the annihilation of the sanctuary in Jerusalem in AD 70. It is apparent that Mark 13 made ready for a gigantic oppression in the beginning of Christianity that lead to its demolition. Then again, some state it could have been composed just after the sanctuary destruction.3 The political circumstance at the hour of composing communicates rebels against Neron ian mistreatment. Along these lines, John’s dress and diet uncover this identity.4 He attempted to conceal himself for such a period. This suggests there is a force battle in the governmental issues just as abuse in the congregation. Along these lines, â€Å"preparing the method of the Lord† turned out to be progressively noteworthy. This certainly influenced the viewpoint produced by the Disciples foreseeing to have the future greatness sign in the current state. They could have been hanging tight for national freedom that Christ may bring. In any case, the Disciples misjudged the idea of the deliberate strategic Christ. Hooker further clarified: â€Å"A totally different clarification proposes that the Markan people group, similar to the Corinthian church, was disregarding the message of the Cross out and out, and deciphering the Christian life (as do James and

The Math Tutor Simplifying Probability

Dungeons and Dragons is complicated. Mastering probability doesn’t have to be. Probability is one of those topics that haunt children from grade school days of the determining the likelihood of picking out red marbles from a box. Even my most advanced math tutoring students in Cambridge sometimes feel bamboozled by it. Why? Because probability and statistics can quickly become overwhelming with the many different distributions and definitions. The key is to find the underlying patterns and to stay organized. Underlying Themes Definitions: Random Variable: These are the building blocks of probability. It is simply a function that maps a domain into a range that is a subset of the real numbers. Usually you can think that it maps events (the domain) to the probability of their occurrence (numbers). Random variables can either be discrete or continuous. Different random variables can fall into different distributions that are discussed below. Each distribution describes a different type of event. The best way to remember them is to find a scenario to associate with each type of distribution; you can often find good examples right in your textbook. Once you have these distributions defined and understood,the Central Limit Theorem is central to all of statistics, as it allows approximations of many distributions by the normal distribution. Questions will fall into a general format of statistical hypothesis testing: (a) Null Hypothesis: assumes no difference or no effect; Alternative Hypothesis: assumes the effect exists. The goal is to see which is more probable. (b) Set a threshold, which is the significance level, a. (c) Find a p-value: this is the probability of getting the observed or more extreme data, assuming the null hypothesis is true. (d) If the p-value, the probability of that occurring, is less than the significance level, then you reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. Vice versa, if the p-value is not less than the significance level. The Distributions: The best way to stay organized is to begin with a table for the distributions and fill in the properties as you go through the semester. Keeping a table throughout the semester will be helpful as a quick reference when doing assignments and will consolidate a lot of information come the midterm and final exam. Here is an example of the chart that I made as I went through the class, which you can modify and at to based on the emphasis in your class: The key to probability and statistics is to stay organized and to constantly remember to see the forest for the trees. Just like all math classes, you’ll be learning another piece of the language; staying on top of definitions is key. However, more importantly, try not to think about each topic in isolation, but discern the similarities. The table above picks out only some of the patterns that you will be seeing. If organizing information this way helps you, continue to make more tables to help you elucidate the underlying themes. Seeing what you’re learning as iterations of more basic concepts will help make things more â€Å"bite-sized† and slightly less overwhelming. Finally, if you’re still having trouble with probability, consider sitting down with a tutor. Cambridge Coaching offers advanced math and AP-specific math tutoring in NYC, Boston and online. Give us a call to see how we can help you today! For more relevant reading about advanced math, check out these other blog posts, written by our private math tutors]:4 Easy Steps to Volume Rotation Integration, Permutations vs Combinations on the GRE Math, and Draw Your Way to the Answer! ;

Effects Of Hyperinflation On The People In Developing Countries - 275 Words

Effects Of Hyperinflation On The People In Developing Countries (Essay Sample) Content: Hyperinflation in Developing Countries Name Institution Affiliation Hyperinflation in Developing Countries The presence of hyperinflation is the case when the inflation (a rise in prices) reaches to an uncontrollable level and the value of money declines to a major extent. Hyperinflation is one of the most devastating economic phenomenon that any country can confront, and also has a strong potential to affect the economic stability of the affected country (O'Sullivan Sheffrin, 2003). It prevalence is widespread in the developing part of the world that also tends to affect its economic growth and sustainability. There are several examples available in the history when the developing countries faced hyperinflation. In 1945, the inflation condition in Hungary got worse and turned into a hyperinflation when its inflation rate raised to 207%. The condition was so worse that prices just took 15 hours to double. The citizens of the country suffered a lot due to the problem and their living standard rapidly fell due to the economic constraints. In 1994, Yugoslavia’s hyperinflation rate reached to 64%. China confronted a hyperinflation in 1949 when its inflation rate was 14% and the rate of price-doubling was five days (The Journal, 2013). There are several effects of hyperinflation on the people living in these developing countries. The most common and prompt effects are that as the value of money decreases, the living standard of people deteriorates and their purchasing power parity also declines. This leads them to enjoy fewer facilities than they used to before the hyperinflation. The savings of the people of these developing countries are distorted and the economy of the developing country that is already in a dire need of economic and financial stability starts dwindling. As a result, people have to rely more on the money that they had saved for future while the public spendings on the welfare of the citizens also reduce or start depending on financial assistance from external sources (Andenkan Nwanna, 2004). Although several developing countries including Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ukraine, China and many others have recovered from the episodes of hyperinflation, their economies are still dealing with the aftermaths of the experience. It has been argued that the effects of hyperinflation also lead to a fiscal deficit and can distort the policy making of the victim country. As these developing countries aim to achieve a more stable economic outlook, reducing the inflation has always been the economic target of these countries as it represents how the wellbeing level of the citizens of these countries (Fischer, Sahay, Vegh, 2002). Hyperinflation is when the inflation rate swells more than a certain level and the prices of goods ...

Why Does the Pool Turn Blonde Hair Green

It isnt the chlorine that turns blonde hair green. Oxidized metals in the water bind to the protein in the hair shaft and deposit their color. The metal that produces the green tint is copper, which is most commonly found in algicides, though it naturally occurs in some water. The bleach that is added to a pool may be responsible for oxidizing the metal, but its not the cause of the color. Aside from copper, other metals may be present in water that can color your hair, including manganese and iron. You could just rock the green color -- the Statue of Liberty has green hair for the same reason are wears it well -- but if the color isnt your thing, you can prevent it or reverse it. How to Prevent Your Hair from Turning Green Fortunately, there are simple ways to prevent hair discoloration. Yes, you could wear a swim cap, but there are other options. If you do go with a swim cap, you should wet your hair with regular water first. As a general rule, swim caps arent water-tight. They are a good option to reduce exposure to chemicals in water and probably your best choice if you have color-treated hair.Wet your hair before you get into the pool or spa. If your hair is already wet when you hit the pool, its much less susceptible to chemicals in the water.Put leave-in conditioner on your hair. The conditioner seals the hair cuticle so copper doesnt have access to the strands to bind to them.Rinse or shampoo your hair when you leave the pool. Be sure to condition your hair, because pool treatments or sea water are very drying. If you keep your hair healthy, its much harder for metal ions to bind to it. Damage to your hair lifts keratin on the cuticle, basically asking for trouble. How to Remove Green Color from Your Hair Whats that you say? Youre already sporting green locks? There are effective ways to release the copper and return to normal. If your hair turns green, you can remove the discoloration by using a shampoo that chelates the metal. Any clarifying shampoo will help, but there are several effective products specifically formulated for swimmers that bind to copper and other metals and lift them from the hair. In addition to shampoo, you can get conditioner and also glucose crystals, which remove severe discoloration safely. I have used the Malibu Swimmers set from Amazon successfully.You can turn to household chemicals for a quick fix. While they might not smell as pretty as professional products, youve already got them in your kitchen! What you need is a mildly acidic ingredient, which releases the copper. Good choices are lemon juice, orange juice, or vinegar in water. Either apply one of these ingredients to wet hair or else mix them with water and pour them through your hair. Then, rinse, shampoo, and condition your hair.Another option is to apply ketchup or tomato juice. Both ketchup and tomato juice are aci dic, plus the natural red pigment (lycopene) help to counteract the green tint. To use ketchup, mix equal parts with conditioner, apply the mixture to your hair, and let it sit for 5-10 minutes. Rinse thoroughly. Unless you want to smell like you just left a fast food restaurant, shampoo and condition your hair. What Causes Swimmers Hair?

Exploration of Struggles with Credit Cards in Maxed Out by...

Credit cards have become increasingly popular world-wide, making it easier to buy now and pay later but are they actually helping or hindering someone’s credit? â€Å"Maxed Out† by James D. Scurlock demonstrates how credit cards can hurt someone’s credit, while â€Å"Why Won’t Anyone give Me a Credit Card† by Kevin O’Donnell demonstrates how someone may have financial stability to pay off a credit card, but still be consistently denied one by the credit card companies. Owning credit cards is not the problem; the problem is being irresponsible with it. James D Scurlock’s â€Å"Maxed Out† focused on the revolving use of credit cards to charge now and pay later and the fact that once the credit card was maxed out another one was sent from the credit card companies and the whole process begins all over again. Scurlock’s essay made the reader aware of the downfalls and hardships that can occur when credit cards are constantly used for purchases compared to Kevin O’Donnell’s â€Å"Why Won’t Anyone give Me a Credit Card†. O’Donnell’s essay explored the opposite of Scurlock’s, his essay was geared more towards the fact of not owning a credit card prior to entering the professional world. He explored his point through an educated professional man, who was constantly denied an unsecured credit card in spite of having a full time employment, no monthly house payments, no finances owed to other lenders and no dependents that need to be taken care of. When looking at the effectiveness of both essays, one

Com176 outline and thesis statement - 1246 Words

University of Phoenix Material Outline and Thesis Statement Guide Create an outline that includes details that support your thesis. Identify at least three main points and at least two supporting details per main point. Write all supporting details and subdetails in complete sentences. Include both in-text citations in the outline and a references page following the outline. Many of your supporting details and subdetails will need in-text citations. Outline only the body of your paper (not your introduction or conclusion). Avoid bias and present a balanced case for your thesis—this will strengthen your writing. Your thesis statement: Societies dependence and advancement in technology are increasingly rising;†¦show more content†¦Here in the United States the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Federal White Collar Crime Center (NW3C) partnered and established the IC3, which is the Internet Crime Complaint Center. This is a central place where Internet crimes can be reported and then those crimes will be investigated and transferred to the appropriate law enforcement agencies as well as appropriate regulatory agencies. 1. The Internet crimes can often overlap between fraud and other crimes. Because of these overlapping crimes it is important the there is communication and cooperation between our own agencies and international agencies. 2. Discuss the level of cooperation between our law enforcement agencies and international agencies and the problems they face. B. The overwhelming amount of Internet fraud and crimes on individuals, small business, financial institutions can be overwhelming for law enforcement because of the lack of fully trained, qualified investigators. Basically we have more crime that we have laws and law enforcement officials can handle. 1. We must have sufficient laws against these particular crimes. Our judicial system faces challenges in developing the laws against the crimes. The other problem that law enforcement faces is the collection of evidence and the fine line between public and private information available online. In some cases there have been problems with collecting evidence and their relation to the first and

Computer Crimes And The Most Famous One Is Hacking

There are many types of computer crimes and the most famous one is hacking. Hacking is the ability of gaining unauthorized access to systems or resources. Hacking is now commonly defined as someone breaking into a computer system. Trojan Horses is a program designed to breach the security of a computer system. An example of this is someone writing a seemingly harmless program, while the program really contains harmful code and data. There have even been programs that were â€Å"Trojan Horses†. These programs were supposed to search and find viruses, but the program turned out to be viruses itself. Another type of computer crime is a worm. A computer worm replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. Worms can continually duplicate themselves until they slow or halt other tasks of a computer. This is usually the time when a worm is noticed. Worms can also be very harmful in networks. A worm can travel to a network and clog it up to the point of harming the computer. It then just gets up and moves to another network that becomes another victim of its destruction... The last computer crime I would like to talk about is theft. This crime occurs when a person violates copyrights and downloads music, movies, games and software. There are even peer sharing websites such as bittorrent.com, bear share, and utorrent.com. These torrents and websites allows software piracy and many of these websites are now being targeted by the FBI. Today, the justice system is addressingShow MoreRelatedHacking Is The Responsibility Of The Computer System920 Words   |  4 Pagesof the computer system to provide adequate security to keep hackers at bay are completely wrong. Neither their argument nor their perspective holds ground. Before we look into the reasons behind why they are wrong, it is important to first comprehend in detail about hacking and hackers. So what is hacking? The term hacking was first promoted by the famous MIT between 1950s and 1960s. It all started as a fun experiment in a lab, but it led to something completely different today. Hacking is a termRead MoreInternet Fraud Is Greater Than Ever1432 Words   |  6 Pagesour doors as a method of protecting ourselves in our homes and vehicles, but what measure provides the same sense of security online? The passwords we create that are intended to be a minimum of eight characters, include a number as well as at least one capital letter, or special character has to be something that we can remember and have committed to memory. The issue with this lies within the frequency of of repetitive use of the same keyword/phrase. Director of IT for Bud Clary Automotive and SeniorRead MoreComputer Hackers and Ethics Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pages  What comes to mind when you hear the word ‘hacker’? For most it means stealing information through the Internet, gaining illegal access to a nother person’s PC, or simply - disruptive behavior using a computer. 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Additionally, although the terms computer crime and cybercrime are more properly restricted to describing criminal activity in which the computer or network is a necessary part of the crime, these terms are also sometimesRead MoreEmerging Technologies in Criminal Justice974 Words   |  4 PagesJustice Computer technologies have changed drastically within just the past few decades. These advancements have spurred new investigative techniques for law enforcement, and have helped solve a number of crimes, most famously the BTK serial killer. Still, these technologies are often available for criminals, who use emerging technological innovations to better commit their crimes. There are a number of clear advantages of computers and the use of computer technology in investigations. Most policeRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Computer Hacking3087 Words   |  13 PagesThesis statement: Computer Hacking satisfies obsession for forbidden information and exploitation of skills. I. General Consideration Hacking has been around for more than a century. At first, the term â€Å"hacker† was a positive term for a person with a mastery of computers who could push programs beyond what they were designed to do. But because of the exploitation of these knowledge and the obsession to forbidden information, it soon became a threat to computer technology. TheRead MoreA hacker by common definition is a person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data.1000 Words   |  4 Pagesa person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data. Although some computer hackers are committing crimes, there are also computer hackers that counterattack these criminals and their actions are what keep us safe from the criminals on the world wide web. Although they are hackers they are what protect us from the criminals on the internet. Without them and their actions we would live in complete chaos. On the internet there are billions of people logged on at one time. Among these usersRead MoreSusan W. Brenner’s CyberCrime: Criminal Threats from Cyberspace2532 Words   |  11 PagesSusan W. Brenner’s Cybercrime: Criminal Threats from Cyberspace is scary, exciting, and informative all in one book. It takes you on rollercoaster from start to finish as your eyes are opened to the realities of cybercrime and cybercriminals’ capabilities as our technologies have progressed. Brenner’s book is an excellent piece for those that are not savvy about technology terminology and cybercrime. Brenner opens by giving an example of the chaos that a cybercriminal can make and the long distanceRead MoreHacking Is An Illegal Activity1910 Words   |  8 Pages Definition of Hacking Hacking is an illegal activity that expert computer programmers do in order to access someone else s personal data or information without permission. These people have developed skills to dominate and break through the software. They called themselves hackers. 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PCs are Better than Macs for Home Users Essay Example For Students

PCs are Better than Macs for Home Users Essay For years, Macs and PCs have been competing for home users. Apple has recently released the new iMac, and the notebook version of the iMac the iBook. Even though several years ago, Macs were better than PCs, now, PCs are better than Macs for home users in terms of performance and expansion options. To some consumers, performance is often the most important factor in buying a computer. Performance doesnt necessarily mean how well the computer performs potentially, but only on specific tasks. Both iBook and iMac are designed for home users, most of whom neither care about number of floating-point operations per second, nor know what it means. Very few home users will pay $500 for Photoshop 5.0 to edit photos on their PC. The more likely uses for home computers are: word processing, browsing the Internet, and 3-D gaming. Since the most popular word processor is developed by Microsoft and allegedly optimized for Windows, it would be unfair to compare the Mac version of MS Word with the W indows version. However, comparing the performance in 3-D games and the Internet is fair. Even though PC Magazine specializes in PCs, it reviewed the iBook as soon as it came out. The article focused on performance of the iBook and compared it to a similar IBM-compatible notebook. Since there are no new IBM-compatible notebooks that match iBooks specifications, PC Magazine decided to use the notebook they believed to be closest to iBook the IBM ThinkPad iSeries 1480. They have very few similarities: the both notebooks are available in different colors, and neither notebook has the fastest processor from its platform. Apple claims that its notebooks are up to twice as fast as comparable Microsoft Windows-based portables (qtd. in Hill 53). This statement is very vague it doesnt say how they compared the portables, and what Apple meant by comparable. Since similar statements have been made about iMac, speed will be discussed in the next section; for now, lets make sure that PC Magazine selected an appropriate notebook. The G3 processor from the iBook is one generation behind Mac desktops, whereas the ThinkPads Celeron is two generations behind other IBM-compatible notebooks. Even though Celeron is somewhat obsolete, it runs at 466 MHz versus G3s 300 MHz. Since neither processor is top-of-the-line, and both notebooks are in the same price range, it is safe to conclude that the two notebooks are comparable. Apple declares that fast, easy access to the Internet is among the features that made the world fall in love with the iMac (Apple). As mentioned earlier, the Internet performance is one of the uses for home computers and should be thoroughly tested. In their review, PC Magazine uses i_Bench to test the Internet performance. According to i_Bench tests, ThinkPad outperforms the iBook on almost every test (Hill 53). The only exception is the test of QuickTime Transition Effects the iBook is faster than the ThinkPad (Hill 53). Apples QuickTime is one of many formats for viewing compressed video on the Internet and is rarely used because of poor compression quality. QuickTime should not be used to test the computers performance for several reasons: it is rarely used, and is most likely optimized for Macs. On the other hand, The Java Virtual Machine test should be looked at more carefully. Java is a platform-independent programming language originally designed by Sun Corporation for anothe r operating system, and is currently used for writing programs for the Internet. This test runs several Java programs within a browser, which simulates ordinary Internet browsing better than QuickTime. The ThinkPad impressively outperformed the iBook with the a score of 43,766 versus just 23,872 (Hill 53). Comparing the iMacs with IBM-compatible desktops creates the same problem finding the PC that is comparable to the iMac. Dave Glue, a programming student, sums up this problem in one sentence: If youre going to downgrade the PC to exactly match the iMacs MHz rating and hard disk, youll have a significantly cheaper PC than the iMac. Even when comparing computers of equal price, another problem appears they run two completely different operating systems. Apple uses BYTEmark (Apple), which tests the processors integer and floating point capabilities (Byte) to compare Macs with PCs on both operating systems. Byte claims that BYTEmark simulates real applications (Byte), but it does not explain why Macs perform so poorly in real applications even though iBooks receive the score two times higher than PCs. The Self Assessment Of College Students EssayComputer industry changes every month; what was considered top-of-the-line a couple of months ago, is now obsolete and no longer in production. There are two ways to keep up with the constantly changing technology: buy a new computer every time a faster one comes out, or simply upgrade your old computer (Perry xvii). Adding more RAM, changing hard drive, replacing CPU, and installing a new video accelerator, can greatly improve computers performance. Installing TV-tuners, CD-recorders, and audio cards, adds new functionality to computers. However, in order to add components, computer must have room for expansion, which Macs lack. One would expect a lot of from a 6.6-pound notebook. However, iBook disappoints with very limited expansion options it so desperately needs. Among the things that need to be added are: speakers, because the sound is horrible (Hill 53); a DVD drive, because the 24X CD-ROM is outdated, and a floppy disk drive, which doesnt come with the system. As Hill states in his review of the iBook: There is no PC Card slot, no floppy disk drive, no serial or parallel ports, and just a single-channel USB-port (53). That means that iBook can only use one USB-based device unless an external hub is added; which defeats the purposes of a portable. Almost all IBM-compatible notebooks come standard with the ports mentioned above. The PC Card slots can accept many devices including multimedia cards and SCSI controllers (Perry 351; Norton 418), none of which will be available for the iBook. Basically, users are stuck with the iMac the way it is sold. The only possible option for expansion is adding memory, because the single USB port will probably be used for an external floppy disk drive. The iMac offers slightly better expansion options that the iBook. Besides an additional USB port, the iMac has two FireWire ports. FireWire is currently used only for transfer of images from digital video cameras, and is standard on many desktops including Sony Slimtop. The 24X CD-ROM is replaced by 4X DVD drive, but there is still no floppy drive. Unless users add an USB hub they cannot upgrade further, because a keyboard uses one USB port, and a floppy disk drive will take up the other port. This means that in order to add a printer, the user will have to purchase a sixty-dollar USB hub that will match the tangerine case. Apple does not give users a lot of choice for expansion users can only add external devices because there are no PCI slots. PCI is an internal bus that runs approximately ten times faster than USB, and supports many devices such as SCSI controllers, that USB does not. Also, the memory expansion is limited in terms of memory types. The iMac supports only 100 MHz SDRAM; whereas PCs support 133 MHz SDRAM and the new 800 MHz RDRAM, which greatly improves performance (Norton 285). Also, iMacs RAGE 128 VR video accelerator cannot be replaced with a faster GeForce-based video accelerator because it is designed for PCs and is not compatible with Macs. Most home users dont want to spend thousands of dollars on buying a new computer each year. PC owners have a wide choice of components for their computers, and can save money in the long run by upgrading PCs instead of replacing them. As one can see, theres no reason to buy a Mac because PCs for home users are better in every way. Home users do not care about Photoshop performance because they will never use a photo-editing program designed for professionals; however, performance on the Internet and in 3D games is important. The IBM-compatible platform gives more options for future upgrades, faster computers, and the good looks of iMac. Bibliography:Perry, Vivian, ed. PC Upgrading ; Maintenance. Alameda, CA: SYBEX Inc., 1997Norton, Peter and John Goodman. Inside the PC. Indianapolis, IN: Sams Publishing, 1997Hill, Jon. iBook Report. PC Magazine. 1 Dec. 1999: 53Rupley, Sebastian. iMac Overhaul. PC Magazine. 1 Dec. 1999: 34

Why Are so Many People over the Age of Twenty-One Entering College free essay sample

Once I began my journey in this teacher room and the way she carry herself I felt great in this classroom. My first year here at Thurgood Marshall I didn’t know what I was getting into I didn’t like my freshmen teacher ms Mack, My sophomore year with ms Biddle was great I love her so much she could really be my grandmother. And now my junior year Ms. Metoyer is my favorite teacher for 2012-2013. The conversation that I remember was saying about how she expect her class to be, how she work, and she also let us know what she will be teaching this year. If you continue reading then you will find out. The reason why Ms. Metoyer is my favorite teacher is because she is very concern about her students. when I first came to Ms. Metoyer class I did see a lot of stupid people that really don’t need to be in that class One when I was taking her exam I felt like I can pass her exam, but when I came to her she said, â€Å"No one pass my exam but one person I had to give 30 points†. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Are so Many People over the Age of Twenty-One Entering College? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I realize that I didn’t want to fail her class but when she told me that I start thanking her because I need that. I was thinking in my head that a lot of people need to change their schedule if they are not going to do any work. Every since I have been going to school I hate ELA because the teachers was too mean. Some teachers do not know how to talk to people, my freshmen teacher Mrs. Mack always recorrecting someone even if they just asking her a question. Ms Biddle stand out of the word mean she is a sweet lady she will not harm you but she will be honest with you. Ms. Metoyer work on a high level with her students because she wants her students to succeed.

Value Creation in the Global Apparel Industry free essay sample

The apparel industry is considered a buyer driven, highly profitable and fast moving industry, and it is therefore imperative for Zara to understand the external environment in order to maintain its dominance. Although Zara’s value chain is difficult to copy, Zara must continually look out for new threats and opportunities, and be prepared to instantly move on them with new strategies and state of the-art- technologies. Competitive Environment: Zara’s principal key issue is rivalry in the apparel retailing market, mainly from GAP and HM. Swedish HM differs from Zara because they outsource all of their production, spend more money on advertising and are price oriented. Likewise, they are both European based companies, fashion forward at lower price retailers and have a strong international expansion strategy. U. S. -based Gap has a number of advantages, including brand recognition, more stores and bigger revenues. In does not have however Zara’s cheap chic fashion appeal. We will write a custom essay sample on Value Creation in the Global Apparel Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Economic Environment: As the market is labor intensive despite continually advancing technology, labor costs are a major issue. While more and more retailers source from low labor cost countries to benefit from the cost advantages associated with it, Zara insists on sourcing mainly from Europe and relying on its in-house design and production, which provides advantages such as short lead times, effective logistics control and high response rates to clothing trends. The major impact of currency rates on operational and labor costs make Zara financially vulnerable due to the European currency’s strong value. Political Environment: More than 40 percent of Zara’s garments are manufactured in Spain. Although this ensures timely delivery and service, any disruption caused by uncontrollable political factors, such as terrorist attacks from the Basque separatist group Eta, which is very active in the country, could shut down nearly half of the production and affect Zara dramatically. Socio-cultural Environment: Zara’s expansion plans include markets such as the U. S. and Asia.

The Effects of Nuclear Weapons on Plants, Animals and Humans

The Effects of Nuclear Weapons on Plants, Animals and Humans Purpose of the research: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effects of nuclear weapons on plants, animals and humans. The hypothesis for this research is that nuclear weapons-related radiation has far reaching consequences on the health and the general welfare of the affected human population, and also affects animals as well as plants in the affected area.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of Nuclear Weapons on Plants, Animals and Humans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research Methods: This research paper is based on a review of literature. My point of research will be internet data gathered from different websites, which have documented research findings on the subject of nuclear weapons and their effect on the plants, humans and animals. The research paper is based on the facts found during the research. Introduction To date, Hiroshima and Nagasaki goes down in history as the two surviving cities where nuclear weapons were used during the World War 2 and to devastating effects. Apart from the instant deaths that occurred right after Americans bombed Hiroshima and three days later, Nagasaki, thousands of deaths have been registered due to radiation related illnesses occurring from the two bombs. Although there are no accurate numbers of the deaths in Hiroshima, the United Nations estimates that by December 1945, the death count was at about 140,000 people (Sublette, 1997; Walker, 2005). The Nagasaki death count on the other hand is estimated at 70,000 people. Apart from the deaths, the survivors and their descendants continue registering bodily injuries and other damaging effects to date (US dept. of Energy, 2007). Literature review According to D’Arrigo (2004), radiation is â€Å"energy that travels in waves†. Unfortunately for humans, radiation can not be smelled, felt, seen or heard. In a nuclear weapon blast, nuclear radiation is usually 15 percent of the activity, with 50 percent of the explosion being presented as blast energy and the remaining 35 percent as thermal energy (atomic archives, 2008). Of the 15 percent nuclear radiation, 5 percent affects animals, plants and humans as the initial radiation. Such occurs within a very short period of the explosion usually less than three minutes (atomarchive.com, 2008, p.1). The remaining 10 percent nuclear radiation is gradual, which involves radioactivity of fission products usually present in the weapon debris, residue and explosion fallout. Fallout radiation usually occurs minutes after the nuclear explosion and happens from radioactive distributed in the air above the explosion site during the explosion. Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The radioactive particles eventually fall to the ground. In the rainy season, the rain water carries t he contaminated water to wider areas therefore causing more radiation effects to plants and animals. Naturally, the earth releases natural radiation that affects human being, animals and plants and can lead to cancers in both animals and humans. In the case of the World War II bombings, the radiation that occurred during the two bombs led to fatalities within a 500 meters radius of where the bomb was dropped. However, people as far as five kilometers from the bombing place would later start developing symptoms of radiation poisoning, which included radiation related cancers. According to Linsley (1997), the environment has cosmic radiation that exposes all organisms to natural radionuclide. However, nuclear weapons contain artificial radionuclide, which have higher adverse effects than those that occur naturally. D’Arrigo (2004), states that uranium that is usually found in the ground lacks in the concentration and the interactivity that would negatively affect the environmen t to great levels. However, human beings have over the years learnt the art of mining the same, enriching it and converting it to gaseous forms such as Uranium-234, Uranium-235 and Uranium-238 among others (Auxier, 2004). The enriched Uranium is then used as nuclear reactors, nuclear power or fuel. While the fuel form may seem like the least harmful to human beings, D’Arrigo (2004) states that every link in the fuel chain creates radioactive emissions, which are released into the environment consequently adding to the background radiation that affects human, plants and other organisms. That aside, there is growing concern that the nuclear weapons even though never used on the human population again since World War II, continue releasing radiation to the environment during creation and testing. The negative effects in radiation comes from ionized radiation, which according to D’Arrigo (2004) breaks molecular bonds hence causing erratic chemical reactions. According to D’Arrigo (2004), ionizing radiation is the energy or matter produced by an unstable atom’s nucleus as it decays or tries to reach a stable state. The energy released is either in form of waves (X rays or gamma rays) or subatomic particles (beta and alpha). Uranium, which is used in the production of nuclear weapons, is among the radioactive elements that result in man-made radiation and radionuclide.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Effects of Nuclear Weapons on Plants, Animals and Humans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When radiation hits the cells or tissues of living organisms, it either damages or kills it. According to D’Arrigo (2004), a damaged cell is well able to rejuvenate and heal correctly. However, this does not happen all the time. In some cases, the cells or tissues repair incorrectly thus impairing their ability to grow or reproduce or it can repair incorrectly, but still reproduce. When the latter happens, the defects of the cell or tissue are passed over to subsequent generations. Nuclear radiation has also been found to reduce the immunity of animals and human beings drastically thus compromising their ability to fight off diseases (Sublette, 1997). More to this, radiation causes mutations in the body cells, and especially in the defective body cells thus meaning that the spread of cancer is more probable in people and animals exposed to nuclear radiation than people in normal environments (D’Arrigo, 2004; Pike, 1998). Testing of nuclear weapons continue releasing ionizing radiation pollutants into the environment. According to Catcott (2003, p. 228), the effect of ionizing radiation released by such tests takes two forms; 1) acute radiation effects, 2) long-term or delayed effects. In Acute radiation effects, signs of injury develop within hours and could last up-to weeks after exposure. Such effects occur to areas close enough to the testing sites. Long term or delayed effects on the other hand are not immediately noticeable, but eventually, the effects lead to the development of different types of cancers among the affected population, shortened life spans, which involves non-specific aging and/or mutation effects in the genes of the affected population. The latter could last for generations following the initial exposure to ionizing radiation. According to Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 542), radiation in nuclear weapons either occurs as nuclear radiation or thermal radiation. Of these, nuclear radiation is the most intense, often palling in comparison to the effects of the blast and the thermal radiation. This however greatly varies according to the position of the nuclear attack. An air bust, a surface burst and an underground burst would all have different levels of radiation. Using the World War II airburst nuclear attacks on the two cities in Japan as an example, Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 543) concludes that the kind of shelter that people (and animals) are during nuclear attacks affect the level of their exposure to radiation. Statistics on deaths and injuries during the Japanese attacks indicate that people who were outdoors died most, while those inside wooden structured suffered more casualties than those housed in brick or concrete buildings. Research findings Burns According to Glasstone Dolan(1977, p. 560), nuclear weapons-related thermal radiation causes burns on people and animals directly through the absorption of radiant energy through the skin or indirectly through heating and consequent of ignition of clothes. Advertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Direct burns are referred to as â€Å"flash burns† since they are caused by the flash that occurs when the nuclear fireball releases the thermal radiation. Indirect burns on the other hand are known as â€Å"flame burns† or â€Å"contact burns†, and are similar to skin burns sustained during ordinary fires or through contact with hot objects. In the Japanese case, Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 565), notes that the flash burns were more than flame burns. This was especially because the two bombs targeted highly populated areas, and the fact that the weather in Japan at that time was warm. In Nagasaki alone, it is reported that 42,000 people suffered flash burns in areas as far as 1.1 miles away from the nuclear bomb. Less serious cases of flash burns were reported as far as 2.6 miles from the nuclear bomb site (Glasstone Dolan, 1977, p. 566). Radiation contamination According to Catcott (2003, p. 227), radiation from nuclear weapon testing contaminate human and ani mals’ food chain. The radioactive elements deposited in the soil, are eventually taken up by plants or washed into the water bodies. The plants may be eaten directly as human food, or are eaten by animals, which may end up on the dinner table. While current statistics indicate that contamination through such means is negligible at the moment, not research has ever found how much the human body can tolerate the contaminated food supply chain. Researchers however indicate that there is bound to be some long-term biological effects on animals and humans if the radiation-contaminated food continues to be eaten (Catcott, 2003, p. 230) Eye Injury According to Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 567), nuclear radiation can also cause Keratitis- an eye condition where the cornea becomes inflamed. In cases where thermal radiation exposure to the eyes is high, permanent cornea opacity can occur. This happens because the cornea is the transparent part of the eye, which registers thermal energy received as part of the spectrum by the eye in normal circumstances. This is however a reversible condition and most people regain normal eyesight in approximately three years (Glasstone Dolan, 1977, p. 570). Researchers however suggest that if a nuclear explosion is to be conducted in the night, when it is usually dark and hence the eye pupil is bigger, the thermal radiation would be more intense. More to this, they also suggest that if the nuclear fireball occurs near the visual proximity of most people, the effects of the thermal radiation would also be dire. According to the researchers however, the fact that the pupil is often shielded from intense light from the eyelids comes as a mitigating factor since it the lids would prevent the inner eye from too much exposure to the thermal radiation (Glasstone Dolan, 1997, p. 571). The bright flash that accompanies a nuclear weapon detonation usually produces two effects to the eyes: retinal burns and flash-blindness. Retinal burns are permanent injuries to the eyes, which happens when the retinal tissue if exposed to excess temperatures. This is especially the case when a person looks directly at a fireball thus exposing their eyes to the intense heat generated by the fireball. According to Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 571), the primary pigmented cells in the eye absorbs most of the radiation energy generated during a fireball explosion and consequently increases the temperature in the eye. Temperature increases of between 12 to 20 degrees centigrade in the eye, causes thermal injury, which injures not only the pigmented layers, but the adjoining rods and cones. This in turn causes permanent visual loss in the affected part of the retina. According to Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 571), humans are naturally inclined to look at an exploding fireball thus increasing their chances of suffering retinal damages. However, unless the damage to the retina is expansive, some people rarely notice they have suffered any d amages. This is especially the case when the damage is minor and centrally located along the central axis of one’s vision. The latter is the temporary impairment of sight, which occurs from the bleaching â€Å"rods and cones†, which act as the light sensitive elements in the retina. This condition can occur in people and animals that look directly at the fireball, or from scattered light affecting the eyes of people and animals that were looking elsewhere when the fireball exploded. Sufferers of flash blindness (even in cases where nuclear weapons are not involved), state that their entire visual fields are blurred out and in their place the bright afterimage of the fireball or any other bright light remains as the constant image. This however only last for a few minutes before the affected people regains their normal vision. Ionization and its effect on living organisms According to Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 575), the harmful effects registered in nuclear weapons-re lated radiations are mainly from the ionization and excitation processes, which occur in cells of a living organism once it is exposed to the radiation. When ionization occurs, some cell constituents responsible for its normal functioning are either destroyed or altered. More to this, the products that are formed as cells react to the radiation may be poisonous to the cell, and may result in chromosome breakages, swollen nucleus, swollen cells, increased cell fluid viscosity, weaker cell membranes and hence higher permeability, or even overall destruction of the affected cells. Iodizing radiation not only breaks or damages the chromosomes but also damages the DNA when the unstable compounds and free radicals are formed when molecules in the body react with the radiation compounds. More to this Sublette (1997), states that the reactions in the cells interfere with the normal cell chemistry hence resulting in immediate effects on both the replication and metabolic processes. The lon g term effects mainly relate to the genetic structure of the affected population, and this is usually passed over to their offspring’s. Further research suggests that when a cell is exposed to radiation, mitosis (cell division) is less frequent. In such a case, the normal replacement cycle for the cells in inhibited this affecting the general well being of the organism. In the event of a nuclear explosion, the immediate radiation would cause burn and eye infections as discussed above, but the long-term effects would take anything between several weeks to almost a millennia in plants, animals as well as human beings (Glasstone Dolan, 1977. P. 576; Pike, 1998). In addition to the burns and the effects to the eyes, animals and humans suffer other symptoms immediately or weeks after suffering the radiation exposure. Such include nausea, vomiting, malaise and loss of appetite. Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 583) states that the higher the doses of radiation exposure one experiences, the higher the intensity of the symptoms. Usually, these symptoms disappear within a day or two of development only to re-appear after two or more weeks. This time however, they may include fever and diarrhea. Glasstone Dolan (1977, p. 583) further indicates that more often than not sufferers of nuclear radiation poisoning will start to hemorrhage in various body organs including the skin. Blood in the urine usually suggests that the kidneys too are bleeding. When hemorrhage occurs, it is an indication that the radiation affected the blood platelets and the clotting mechanism. Other symptoms seen as a result of nuclear weapons related radiation include loss of hair, and the body becoming more susceptible to disease, which it would normally be able to deal with. This is mainly because the radiation affects the white blood cells as well thus jeopardizing the body’s immunity. Bioaccumulation The radioactive materials released in the event of a nuclear explosion leads to the re lease if radionuclide into the environment. Accordingly, this leads to an increased circulation of the same in the biosphere. In such a case, the radionuclides end up in water bodies, plant tissues and animal tissue. According to D’arrigo (2004; Bushberg, 2009), this bioaccumulation of radionuclide ends in the biosphere affects animals on the high part of the food chain. Further, the effects to human beings who eat vegetables and meat from the same biosphere are undeniable. An example of the radionuclide harmful to both human and animal health is Strontium 90, which according to D’Arrigo (2004), mimics calcium and is thus deposited in the bones consequently causing leukemia or bone cancer. Cobalt on the other hand mimics vitamin B6. Conclusion The effects of nuclear weapons on human, animal and plant lives were laid bare by the Hiroshima and Nagasaki incidences in 1945. Research into the same subject suggest that nuclear radiation is able to cause short-term and long term misery to human and animal lives. As such, it is comprehensible even to the layman the fear that nuclear weapons elicit even to the world powers. Regulatory agencies have been put in place to ensure that necessary measures are put into place in order to protect human beings as well as animals from radiation. However, different experts allude that enough protective measures are not in place yet. Whether this is true or not remains to be seen. References Atomic archives (2008). The effects of nuclear weapons. Retrieved from: atomicarchive.com/Effects/index.shtml Auxier, J. A. (2004). The effects of Nuclear Weapons. Retrieved from: hps.org/hsc/documents/effects_of_nuclear_weapons.pdf Bushberg, J. T. (2009). Radiation exposure and contamination. The Merck Manuals. Retrieved from: merck.com/mmpe/sec21/ch317/ch317a.html Catcott, E. J. (2003). Effects of Air Pollution on animals. 221-232. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/monograph/WHO_MONO_46_(p221).pdf D’Arrigo, D. ( 2004). Ionizing radiation from nuclear power and weapons and its impacts on animals. Retrieved from: nirs.org/radiation/radstds/radiationandanimals.pdf Glasstone, S. Dolan, P. L. (1977). The effects of Nuclear Weapons. United States Department of Defense and The Energy Research and Development Administration. 276-316. Retrieved from: princeton.edu/sgs/publications/articles/effects/effects-5.pdf Linsley, G. (1997). Radiation and the environment: Assessing effects on plants and animals. IAEA Bulletin. 16-20. Retrieved from: iaea.org/Publications/Magazines/Bulletin/Bull391/39102681720.pdf Pike, J. (1998). Nuclear Weapon Effects. Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved from: fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/effects.htm Sublette, C. (1997). Effects of nuclear explosions: nuclear weapons frequently asked questions. Retrieved from: http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/Nwfaq/Nfaq5.html US dept. of Energy. (2007).The Atomic bombing of Hiroshima. The Manhattan project: an interactive History. Retriev ed from: cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/hiroshima.htm Walker, G. (2005). Nuclear weapons: history, technology and consequences in historic documents, photos and videos. Trinity Atomic Website. Retrieved from: cddc.vt.edu/host/atomic/accident/index.html

MGMT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MGMT - Assignment Example The rule further helps to clarify that small retail business are not part of this rule which means that they are not affected by it. This regulation will affect my business in terms of accessing government procurement programs as well as obtaining financial support (Regulations.gov, para-1). The regulation try to define what is a small business as a sized standard and include all its branches. This proposal was put forth to provide clarity on the category of each operating business that has employees. It further provides the basis of whether a business qualifies for acquiring government procurement contract. I am against the proposed regulation because it has limited applicability in the actual situation. It fails to recognise other business such as retail trade enterprises as part of small business. Further, it represents just the opposite by stating that a small business is a standard sized business including its subsidiaries. One my comment has been submitted and acceptable my business will be able to fall under the definition of small business as explained by the small business administration. This will further make my business to qualify for government contracts and financial assistance. Regulations.gov.Small Business Size Standards: Industries with Employee Based Size Standards Not Part of Manufacturing, Wholesale Trade, or Retail Trade.Web.14.09.014 :< http://ww

Business Integration topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Integration topic - Essay Example During this period, the company opened 13 stores. (JB Hi Fi, Annual Report – 2007) The strategies followed by JB Hi Fi will be discussed in light of recommendations for further improvement and growth in this paper. These strategies will be discussed in terms of the phases put forward in the book by Kotter titled Leading Change, as well as theories by various other scholars like Taylor, Porter and others. In the book Leading Change, Kotter has used the word urgency to describe the first phase so as to get a head start into the process of transformation. This can be seen in JB Hi Fi’s foray into the market of technology with the popularity of its â€Å"Big Box†. This has to do with taking stock of competitive and market realities with a focus on crises and opportunities. (Kotter, 1996) This has been paralleled in Organizational Behavior and Management through a focus on competitive advantage which can be described as follows: (Ivancevich et al, 2004) This brings us to a discussion on the technicalities of the model proposed by Porter. Porters Five Forces model provides suggested points under each main heading. When taken into consideration individually, each of these gives rise to the development of a broad and sophisticated analysis of competitive position. This may further be used during the creation of a strategy, plans, or even where making investment decisions about a business or organization is concerned. These five competitive forces determine industry profitability and attractiveness apart from being responsible for shaping the prices that firms can charge, the costs they have to bear, and the required investments to engage in industry level competition. We are concerned with the fact that Porter’s essentially ahistorical approach cannot provide a full account of either a nation’s competitive advantage and corporate strategies or the growth and development of industrial

Animal Testing Essay Example for Free

Animal Testing Essay Interest in animal welfare goes back to the 1800’s (Assem Int). â€Å"Every year tens of thousands of animals suffer and die of laboratory test of cosmetics and household products despite the fact that the test results do not help prevent or treat purposeful misuse of the products (â€Å"Quotes† Int). Every year millions of animals are poisoned, blinded and killed during experiments to evaluate the toxicity of consumer products and their ingredients (â€Å"Testing† Int.). Animal Testing is cruel and inhumane (Teasdale Int). Scientists perform experiments on animals for two reasons: Toxicity and biological research (â€Å"Fact† Int). Sufficient existing data, as well as in vitro, test tube, alternatives make animal testing unnecessary (â€Å"Animal† Int). Non-animal research methods include clinical research; epidemiology and cellular methods are more affective, accurate and less time consuming (â€Å"Facts† Int). I believe that animal testing is wrong and if there are alternatives for research then there’s no explanation for why people should hurt of kill animals. To prove my thesis I will explain the History, Laws, Beliefs, Quotes, Statistics, Types and number of animals, Types of test, Results, Alternatives, and lastly my own opinion on the whole subject! The Law states that animal testing for cosmetics has been banned in a number of European Union Countries (Int). Europe is phasing out animal testing but the U.S has thus far failed to follow suit (â€Å"Cosmetics† Int). No Law requires animal testing of cosmetics or personal care and household products, so manufactures of these products have no excuse for inflicting suffering on animals (â€Å"Testing† Int). Laws regulating federal animal welfare act does not cover animals during tests no matter how long the test may go (Int). I believe that if the U.S has not yet banned animal testing that they probably never will. I also believe that if there is no laws stating that animals have to be used why use them in tests!!!! Buss 2 People have their own opinions on many different things. Some people believe that animal testing is unnecessary, poor scientific practice, poorly regulated, and costs over weigh alleged benefits (â€Å"Animal† Int). The tests they do on animals are not reliable in determining chemical effects on humans (â€Å"Testing† Int). In addition to being cruel and unreliable animal tests tend to be more expensive than alternative methods, making them both unkind and inefficient (Int). The suffering and death of these animals is entirely unnecessary in the making of products like shampoo, eye shadow, and toilet cleaner (Int). Some Quotes spoken by important people about animal testing include: Edwards Freemans quote stating â€Å"The awful wrongs and sufferings forced upon innocent, helpless, faithful animal race form the blackest chapter in the world† (â€Å"Quotes† Int). Another quote from George Eliot states â€Å"Animals are such agreeable friends they ask no questions they pass no criticism† (Int). Mahatma Gandki says, â€Å"The greatness of the nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated (Int). As Leonardo Da Vinci once said, â€Å"The time will come when men will look upon the murder of animals as they now look at the murder of men† (Int). â€Å"He who is cruel to animal becomes hard also in his dealings with men.† We can judge the heart of a man by his treatment to animals†, says Immanuel Kant (Int). Buss 3 Some statistics include that animal testing is wrong because 65% of the animal tests that have been passed on animals have killed hundreds of people and the animals die for no reason (Teasdale Int). For example, Nicotine is lethal to humans at 0.9 mg/kg but in dogs it is a staggering 9.2 mg/kg, in pigeons 75mg/kg and in rats 53mg/kg (â€Å"Cruelty† Int). Also of the 198 drugs that went to the market in the decade ending in 1985, 102 or 51% turned out to be more dangerous than pre market items (â€Å"Fact† Int). That has caused  ¼ of the 126 U.S medical schools including Yale, Georgetown, and others have dropped all animal laboratories from their curriculum. Allot of animal testing statistics come from the types of animals used and number used per year. There had been a sharp rise in the number of farm animals used more than doubling 32,200 in 1994 to 75,100 in 2004 (â€Å"Fact† Int). The number of rats used has fallen remarkably since the use of farm animals. Although the number of animals dropped steadily from the mid 1970’s there has been a small rise from 2001-2005 (Int). Each year in the U.S an estimated 20-70 million animals from cats, dogs, rats, mice and primates suffer and die (Int). It has been an estimated that as many as 100 million mice are used in laboratories each year (â€Å"Animal† Int). In the U.S testing on vertebrates is primarily regulated by the 1966 animal welfare act (Int). I feel getting the animal for the wild is a little better than getting them from a breeding facility because they aren’t usually nice and friendly. I also believe it is morally wrong to kill animals to figure out the toxicity of products when sometimes the products could kill humans. There are many questions about why they test on animals and what the names of the tests are. They test on animals to understand how humans and other animals function in the process called fundamental biological research (â€Å"Fact† Int). The toxicology tests whether substances used by humans such as drugs have the desired effect without at the same time poisoning them (Int). Many shampoos and other personal care products under go safety testing before they are made available to consumers (â€Å"Cosmetics† Int). Few useful cancer fighting therapies on animals resulted in cancer death rates to continue to climb (â€Å"Fact† Int). For example animal tests in the war on cancer have been a large failure. Some test that they do are LD50 or Lethal Dose Fifty, which refers to the lethal dose that is required to kill 50% of all animals in a test group of 40-200 (Int). Another test is the skin irritancy test. The last test they do is called the Draize Test. Those are the tests they inflict on poor animals. Buss 4 There are very shocking results that come with animal testing. Many animal tests produce results that are relevant to human health (â€Å"Fact† Int). Animals and humans differ in medically important ways, and often tests produce misleading results (Int). A product that made a test animal go blind could very well be sold to you (â€Å"Testing† Int). Animal experiments in stroke research led to false conclusion, waste of time, and research funds (Int). Animal tests are poor predictors of the efforts of other drugs as well (Int). In addition different species react differently to various substances, substances that fail to damage a rabbits and may be toxic to a human (â€Å"Cruelty† Int). Ironically these tests are rarely used in situations of actual human poisoning (Int). Even though manufactures use animals to test on there are other methods that can be used they are called alternatives. The non-animal test results have in fact proven themselves more accurate, and less expensive than those involving animal cruelty (Int). Many alternatives are classified under the three R’s: Reduction, Refinement, and replacement of animals with non animal methods (Int). In most cases non-animal methods take less time, cost only a fraction, and are not plagued with specie differences that make extrapolation difficult or impossible (â€Å"Cruelty† Int). The Avon cosmetic company has personally endorsed the Eytex system as an alternative to the powerful Draize test (â€Å"Cruelty† Int). Episkin and Epiderm have also been scientifically accepted around the world as a total replacement of animals (â€Å"Testing† Int). Instead of animal testing they could also use computer vital organs that serve as accurate models of the human body (Int). I bel ieve that if there is an alternative why not use it. I believe that if alternatives are less costly and more affective then manufactures shouldn’t choose animals as there test subjects. It is cruel and inhumane!!! Buss 5 In conclusion, I believe that animal testing is cruel, mean, and non-human like. Now I would like to point out some key facts and quotes from my paper. Scientists perform experiments for toxicology and biological research (â€Å"Facts† Int). Also that Europe is phasing out on animal testing and that the U.S has thus far failed to follow (â€Å"Cosmetics† Int). Another main point in my paper is laws regulating conditions for laboratory animals are minimal and poorly enforced (â€Å"Fact† Int). â€Å"The greatness of the nation and its moral progress can be judged b the way its animals are treated, Mahatma Gandki (Int). Every year 100 million mice are used in laboratory tests (â€Å"Animal† Int). Over 3 million animals have been tormented all in the name of research. If you really care about animals talk to your local stores and ask them if the supply necessity’s that have not undergone animal testing. Or just look for labels that say â€Å"No Animal Testing† or â€Å"Vegan† (â€Å"Cosmetics† Int). That is why I believe that animal testing is wrong and inhumane!!! What is your viewpoint on this subject! Works Cited â€Å"Animal Testing.† 2008. Animaltestingfacts. 28 March. 2008. http://www.animaltestingfacts.zoomshare.com â€Å"Animal Testing.† 2008. Answers.com.24 March.2008. http://www.answersanimaltesting.com â€Å"Animal Testing.† 2008. Api4animals.20 March. 2008. Http://www.Api4adnimals.com â€Å"Animal Testing.† CosmeticsPersonalcare.12 Oct. 2004. Grinningplanet.com.18 April.2008. www.grinningplanet,com/2004/10-12/cosmetics-animal-testing-article.htm â€Å"Assem, Louise. â€Å" Alternatives to animal testing. 14 Jan.2008. Infotrac.com. 28 March 2008.

Economic Reform in Russia Essay -- Economics History USSR Essays

Economic Reform in Russia Formerly the preeminent republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Russia has been an independent nation since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Because of its great size, its natural resources, and its political domination, the Russian Federation played a leading role in the economy of the Soviet Union. In the years preceding the disintegration of the union in 1991, the economy of Russia and the union as a whole was in decline. In 1992, immediately after the separation, the Russian government implemented a series of radical reforms. Price controls were abolished as the beginning of a transition from a centrally controlled economy to a market economy. An immediate series of sharp price increases caused extreme hardships for the Russian people. Inventor of the fictional five-year plan, the fake harvest, Russia introduced another novel economic concept in 1996. It was a society modeled after the capitalist society. High expectations of economic growth even with â€Å"shock therapy†--unemployment, social discontent and opportunities for corruption; influence of western politicians and the U.S. policy; and failing to completely reform the communistic system were some factors to why some became rich but led many to misery and an early death. Despite the huge infusions of Western money, millions of ordinary Russians struggled to survive in an economy neither capitalist nor communist, but something brand new and strange, which ultimately led to the failure of economic reform in Russia. In the fall of 1996, Boris Yeltsin won the presidential election in Russia. He was viewed as the personification of reform in Russia.... who had vanquished the Communist dragon during the hard-line coup attempt of August 1991 -- and the leader best placed to introduce democratic, market-oriented reforms. In the same year Yeltsin became the President of Russia, the U.S. ambassador to Russia, Thomas R. Pickering, predicted by the fall of 1999, Russia would be one of America’s top trading partners. But in fact, three years after Pickering addressed his farewell speech to the American Chamber of commerce in Moscow, Russia ranked thirtieth in the list of American trading partners. In 1998, Russia’s gross national product plummeted by nearly fifty percent over the last decade. More than sixty million Russians, which is nearly half... ...d the International Monetary Fund assistance but the attempt at capitalist society was not successful. To the beleaguered people of Russia, certainties of old-style communism seemed attractive. A joke on the streets of Moscow, according to World Bank staffer John Nellis, was: "Everything the Communists told us about communism was a complete and utter lie. Unfortunately, everything the Communists told us about capitalism turned out to be true." The establishment of a free-market may require decades to accomplish since this quick attempt was not successful. The economy of Russia did not improve as speculated. Due to years of practicing communism, the Russian people experienced â€Å"shock therapy† when a free-market was in action. Another explanation was: because of constant U.S. influence, Russia was never at a state where they decided on the major decisions until the end. And finally, capitalism never worked in Russia because they did not fully let go of communism. After experiencing many hardships, the Russian people are confused as to what will work in their country full of resources yet lack of economic stability. Maybe the answer is a return to state controlled industries.

Four Seasons Hotels Essay

The Four Seasons Company, as per current financial, seems very profitable and the earnings per share are increasing each year. From 1997 to 1998 EPS increased by 66% and from 1998 to 1999 it increased by 22%, actually from 1997 to 1999, the value has more than doubled. The main reason for the increase seems to be a total net earnings increase of 112% in two years. (See Exhibit # 1 for figures). This is a result of increase in revenues and also because costs increased less than revenues. This indicates that in addition to higher sales, efficiency improvements have been effective as yearly costs for operating items dropped 68% and the interest costs also have decreased by 105%, making it interest income. Based on this information, the company is recommended to continue their emphasis on high personal service and quality for their hotels as the customer base are not price sensitive but concerned about service and luxury. It is important to have non-complaining, satisfied customers as this  group is more satisfied than those where service recovery is needed, even when service recovery is performed at a high level. Also, satisfied customers are more loyal and a key to continue having a financially strong company. A key to this development is to continue to focus on employee satisfaction and employment procedures as this is resulting in low turnover (compared to the industry average), highly experienced and motivated staff and consequently excellent service. Also, the strong financials support FSH’s (costly) growth strategy, and would further indicate that the company has the ‘back-bone’ to support such a strategy. 3.0 Leverage the website for marketing purposes The Four Season Hotel (â€Å"FSH†) should further leverage their impressive website. First, they should maximize the site for mass – marketing purposes. For example, the site would allow customers to appreciate all FSH properties, and a customer who has never seen a FSH can view rooms, conference halls, restaurants etc. The website can further provide up-to-date information on vacancies, promotions, city tours etc. This same information could be updated at any time to reflect specials across respective FSH. For instance, the Milan hotel might anticipate low vacancy one week, and could attempt to fill some vacancies by listing a Milan resident special on the site e.g. with a two night stay and get a free dinner in the restaurant. Internal marketing is another great possibility for the FSH, as long as the â€Å"high – tech† is followed by â€Å"high – touch†, and the system is not used to replace the human element. The intranet site should focus on cost-saving promotions, healthy competition between across respective FSH’s, employee feedback pages etc. Management should use the intranet as an additional medium to disseminate information to employees and as a means to obtain information from employees. An easy to use e-commerce site for the hotel would be interesting for select  Four Season’s customers. Again, this should not replace the â€Å"high – touch† that the FSH brand is identified with, but rather add another convenience for its customers. For example, some customers like making their reservation via the Internet and having an additional option with regards to making a hotel booking could turn out positively. 4.0 Establish and manage a common customer awareness database The hotel should change the existing database containing guest preferences into a centralized database available to all FHS properties. This should be deemed a high priority. It would be a typical one-time fix to enhance customer satisfaction and for implementation it could leverage FSH’s existing intranet platform. The main driver for a change of this sort would be its potential to further improve the FSH’s customer service. For example, as existing FSH customers are highly concerned about time there should be no need for them to fill in forms with preferences for each new hotel they arrive at. Also, it would be perceived as impressive for the customer arriving at a new hotel where the personnel would already know their preferences. This would increase the feeling of intimacy and personal touch during the hotel stay and consequently enhance customer loyalty and satisfaction. Additionally, the fact that only 9% of Four Season’s hotel guests are using multiple properties should not lower the importance of making such a change. In fact, 9% of their customer base means that approximately 400.000 customers each year use multiple Four Seasons Hotels. (See Exhibit #1) Also, the positive word-of-mouth this change would bring will most likely increase the number of guests staying at multiple properties. Furthermore, as the hotel has a growth strategy, the number of hotels and rooms will continue to increase and as such enhance the need for the common database. Also, in addition to customer satisfaction, having one database for all hotels would decrease costs for the chain in the long run as it will not have to maintain 50+ different databases. 5.0 Four Season’s management should solicit select feedback from customers. The idea here is quite simple and essentially comes down to ensuring that the hotel maintains its brand. The FSH has done very well by establishing a strong brand and enjoys a high % of repeat customers. Management and employees alike know what the Four Seasons stands for and the experience they aim to offer the customer. That said, and as technology races forward it is important for businesses to leverage it where possible and ‘profitable’. The key for the Four Seasons is to leverage it in a way that does not negatively impact their brand i.e. detract from the overall customer experience offered by Four Season’s employees, which is highly personal, intimate and customer oriented. For example, management could solicit feedback from customers as to whether they would use an automated (electronic) checkout service and whether customers view this as something consistent with the Four Season’s brand. This selective feedback could be centralized at first in that it is sponsored by the corporate office (so as to solicit feedback that could be leveraged across all properties) and then ‘tweaked’ per location to take into consideration cultural specifics etc. Findings could be leveraged across properties and stored in the central database to eventually maintain, reinforce and ultimately improve the Four Season’s brand, customer experience and ultimate profitability. 6.0 Implement a â€Å"Seasons Pass Loyalty Program† Enhancing Customer Loyalty. Implementing a Loyalty program contributes to making guests feeling special, which undoubtedly makes a difference in his or her experience. A loyalty program could even extend to other value chain partners, thereby, allowing for further tracking of guest preferences. Without a loyalty program, FSH loses out on building strong relationships with its guests. As switching costs are minimal, loyalty is low unless a competitor differentiates and thereby increases its odds of attracting return guests. In order to compete successfully within this tier, a reputable brand name is imperative, which also represents a significant barrier to entry for potential new entrants. The common database will undoubtedly enhance the relationships because clients enjoy the sense of community that is established when being part of a loyalty club. Therefore it is important to have mechanisms in place to ensure guests to remain loyal to FSH and choose the company as his or her accommodation provider. To facilitate this, the hotel should introduce a frequent guest card, the ‘Seasons Pass’, which will serve two functions: 1. Track guest activities within FSH so that their preferences can be recorded. 2. Allow guests to collect points every time they stay at a Four Seasons property and use them towards service companies affiliated with Four Seasons, creating loyalty as a result. It will also aid individual FSH locations to better understand which facilities within the hotel or resort are the most sought after and will be able to segment the information based on the region of the world or type of consumer (leisure or business). Through partnering with external companies such as high-end car rental companies, airlines, and travel agencies, FSH will be able to offer guests a solution to every decision they may encounter during their stay. Thus the Seasons Pass and the networked database will ultimately be the bridge to building and maintaining positive guest relationships. Exhibit 1: Financial data for the Four Seasons Hotels – EOY 1997 to EOY 1999: Exhibit # 2: Number of customers using multiple Four Season Hotels each year * Assumed average coverage rate through the year is based on information in case, â€Å"The Roccoco New York Hotel† by Anna S. Mattila. Using the rate accomplished by the Roccoco New York boutique hotel. ** As no information of number of customers per room is provided, one per room is assumed.

Children Are Becoming Extremely Spoiled - 965 Words

Children are being babied way too much. Children are becoming extremely spoiled; to the point of no return. An end needs to be put to this before an inevitable catastrophe occurs! If ever given the chance, it is quite frightening to think about where this generations kids will stand a few years from now, is it not? Something needs to be done. Our world cannot afford more spoiled children. â€Å"A spoiled child is undisciplined, manipulative, and unpleasant to be with much of the time† (Schmitt). With the way our society is now, kids are becoming very spoiled which is forming them to be narcissistic children. Do we really want more people like Donald Trump? For goodness sake, the man believes a loan of one million dollars to be small! Is that what we want? Well if parenting continues the way it is, that’s what society will get. Spoiling will form youngsters into becoming selfish little pampered brats, and pampered children are problematic for parents; as well as for future children, adults, or others they will encounter along the path of their everyday lives in the future. â€Å"Spoiled children run into trouble by the time they reach school age. Other children do not like them because they are too bossy and selfish. Adults do not like them because they are rude and make excessive demands. Eventually spoiled children become hard for even parents to love because of their behavior† (Schmitt). This is why it is crucial for our society to make future parents aware of the need of parentingShow MoreRelatedSpoiled Rotten By Elizabeth Kolbert817 Words   |  4 PagesSpoiled and rotten, words that in most people minds describe a trust fund no good brat that never did hard day work due to their parents doing everything for them, and giving them everything they ever wanted. 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